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page| Question: Please can you tell me how to construct the perfect and imperfect tenses in French? |
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| Answer: When you are using the two main
past tenses in French, the first thing to get sorted is which
one is appropriate for what you need to express. This is the
easiest way to do it: The Perfect Tense is used for single completed actions. English examples would be 'I came', 'I saw', 'I kicked the door'. The Imperfect is used for repeated actions, 'used to', was or were doing something , and also for descriptions(such as the weather - it was raining) The Perfect is the harder one to learn. First of all, it is a compound tense made up of two parts; an auxilliary verb and a past participle. Most actions using the past tense will require 'avoir' (to have) as the auxilliary verb. This is- j'ai tu as il a elle a nous avons vous avez ils ont elles ont to formulate a past participle (commonly called a PP) you will need to know whether you are using an 'er', 'ir' or 're' verb. Check in the dictionary if you don't know. 'er' verbs common examples are 'manger', 'porter', 'décider', 'aimer'. Take the infinitive (thats the bit shown above!). Chop off the 'er', and replace with 'é'. So, je mange = I eat, j'ai mangé = I ate je porte = I wear j'ai porté = I wore j'aime = I like j'ai aimé = I liked 'ir' verbs such as 'finir' are less common than the first section. This time chop off the 'ir' and replace with 'i'. So, je finis = I finish j'ai fini = I finished 're' verbs -again these are less common than the top section.The most frequently used ones are 'défendre' 'entendre' 'battre' etc. To make a PP, chop off the 're' and replace with 'u'. j'entends = I hear j'ai entendu = I heard. Unfortunately, some of the most useful verbs are irregular! (Aren't they always??!) These still use 'avoir' by the way. dire = to say j'ai dit = I said faire = to do j'ai fait = I did lire = to read j'ai lu = I read boire = to drink j'ai bu = I drank écrire = to write j'ai écrit = I wrote ouvrir = to open j'ai ouvert = I opened Ask a teacher or check in a proper grammar book for many more! The other main area on the perfect tense is those verbs which don't use 'avoir' but use être instead. This means taking the relevant part of je suis tu es il est elle est nous sommes vous êtes ils sont elles sont and then taking the correct PP These are generally verbs of movement.Remember them by MR VANS TRAMPED one verb per letter. Monter = climb PP = monté je suis monté = I climbed Retourner = return PP = retourné je suis retourné = I returned Venir = come PP = venu je suis venu = I came Arriver = arrive PP = arrivé je suis arrivé = I arrived Naître = be born PP = né je suis né = I was born Sortir = go out PP = sorti je suis sorti = I went out Tomber = fall PP = tombé je suis tombé = I fell Rester = stay PP = resté je suis resté = I stayed Aller go PP = allé je suis allé = I went Mourir = die PP = mort il est mort = he died Partir = depart PP = parti le train est parti = the train has left Entrer = enter PP = entré je suis entré = I entered Descendre = get off PP = descendu je suis descendu de l'avion = I got off the plane However, verbs which take this format have to have a PP which shows masculine, feminine or plural! Examples: ilest mort = he is dead elle est morte = she is dead je suis allé = I went (when 'I' is a male), but je suis allée when I is female! S needs to go on the PP when there's more than one eg: nous sommes arrivés for we arrived (there's more than one person.) The Imperfect, you'll be glad to read, is far easier! Take the 'nous' (we) part of the verb, chop off 'ons' and add the following endings: je = ais tu = ais il/elle = ait nous = ions vous = iez ils/elles = aient I was doing = je faisais He was reading = il lisait we were saying = nous disions they were listening = ils écoutaient The one irregular is 'was' or 'were' and this is 'étais'. Best remember this as it's the most useful one! Remember that when you're describing weather you always use 'faire', so 'it was fine' would be 'il faisait beau'. |
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